Caregiving a concern as Hispanic community in U.S. 年龄更快

詹姆斯·L. Fredrick, 美国心脏协会 线上电子游戏飞禽走兽

FG Trade Latin/E+ via Getty Images
(FG Trade Latin/E+ via Getty Images)

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Caregiving has been part of María Aranda's life since she was a young girl, 当时她的波多黎各祖母和同名祖母与家人住在洛杉矶地区. 她记得在祖母死于心脏病之前,她看着母亲和其他家庭成员照顾她多年.

“自从, I always found myself gravitating towards working with older adults,阿兰达说。, 爱德华R. 南加州大学Suzanne dwork - peck社会工作学院的Roybal老龄化研究所. 她和妹妹现在照顾91岁的母亲,她的母亲也患有心脏病.

For many Hispanic/Latino people in the U.S., caregiving is a natural part of family life. 墨西哥裔美国人, 例如, family caregiving has been a cultural norm even under extreme circumstances. 然而, 研究表明,由于工作义务等个人情况,年轻一代变得更加适应文化或个人主义,家庭主义意识可能正在消退.

确保照护者和接受照护者获得所需的资源是一个值得关注的问题 人口普查报告 shows the Hispanic community aged at a faster rate than the rest of the U.S. 2010年至2020年的人口.

In 2020, the Hispanic community in the U.S. 中位年龄达到30岁,增加了2岁.从2010年开始的7年和4年.2000年起计2年. 非西班牙裔人口的年龄中位数更大,约为41岁,仅增加了1岁.2010年后5年.

的 number of Hispanic adults 65 and older has nearly tripled since 2000 to about 4.2020年达到900万. By 2060, that number is projected to quadruple.

"I actually have a sign outside my office that says, “如果年龄不是你的问题, 很快就会,’”阿德里亚娜说, 护理学副教授,费城宾夕法尼亚大学老年学Anthony Buividas任期主席.

拉丁裔护工长什么样啊

美国.S. 拉丁裔社区在照顾老年家庭成员方面面临着独特的挑战. Latino caregivers are an average 43 years old, younger than other racial and ethnic groups, 根据… 全国看护联盟 报告. 通常,他们照顾的人年龄在67岁左右,患有一种以上的疾病.

拉丁裔护理人员报告说,他们的经济和个人压力更大,通常有全职或兼职工作, "so juggling the responsibilities of caregiving and work is a tightrope,阿兰达说. 他们中的许多人同时照顾18岁以下的孩子,因此面临着“三明治照顾者."

这些挑战意味着拉丁裔护理人员不太可能知道有哪些资源可以帮助他们, 阿兰达说. NAC的报告显示,在所有人口统计中,拉丁美洲人使用的护理帮助或信息来源最少.

“(拉丁裔护理人员)面临的主要挑战之一是缺乏外联,”psamrez说. Resources often aren't always available in Spanish. 较低的收入和 较低的医疗保险费率 put health 服务 even further out of reach, 她说.

帮助老年人及其照顾者的各种项目和服务往往资源不足,而且需要照顾的人太多了, 佩雷斯说,.

照顾者和痴呆症

Caring for someone with dementia can be taxing, 阿兰达说. 这个人可能很容易激动和不安,或处理妄想或幻觉, 她说. 这些症状对家庭照顾者来说尤其有压力,因为他们不太可能拥有管理这些行为的知识或培训.

年长的拉丁裔成年人是1.5 times more likely to have dementia than their white counterparts, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

随着痴呆症的发展, the person loses executive function – the ability to learn, 计划和管理日常工作, 包括决策. 照顾者可能会发现自己有更多的责任,比如为那个人的医疗保健和财务决策.

在临床研究中缺乏代表性是正确处理痴呆症的另一个障碍. Aranda and Pérez were coauthors of a 2023年的报告 发表在《线上娱乐电子游戏网站》杂志上 & 痴呆症:转化研究 & 临床干预表明,拉丁裔社区在阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症的临床研究中代表性严重不足,因为外展力度不够, including a lack of funding and bilingual workforce.

Census data shows the Hispanic community makes up nearly 20% of the total U.S. 人口. Yet they make up just 6% of participants in U.S.-based clinical trials that 报告ed ethnicity data, 根据… 2022 study in 的 Lancet Regional Health-Americas.

It's not just because of a lack of outreach and higher uninsured rates. 研究表明,这也是拉丁裔社区对临床试验的高度不信任的结果.

联系和社区

照顾者和他们所照顾的人将需要社区纽带,因为拉美裔人比其他人衰老得更快, 阿兰达和帕萨雷兹说.

在20世纪80年代, 阿兰达成立了第一个讲西班牙语的阿尔茨海默病家庭支持小组,并已发展 服务 to address their clinical, social and resource needs. 护理人员说出他们的挑战, 分享建议和技巧, and learn about additional resources available to them.

"It's like night and day," 她说. "的 caregiver realizes they are not alone, and that other people are going through a similar situation. 这是授权."

阿兰达(Aranda)也是玛格丽特. 德里斯科尔/露易丝米. Clevenger Professor of Social Policy and Administration at USC, is currently testing a caregiver psychoeducational 干预 in English and Spanish for family caregivers of people living with dementia.

在费城, Pérez is in the middle of a study to track cognitive health, heart health and sleep health among older Latino adults. 的 Tiempo Juntos的研究 正在研究定期锻炼对55岁及以上不运动的拉丁裔人的影响. 集体散步和随后的健康检查提供了有关健康结果的社区和重要信息, 她说.

Adriana Pérez (center) with graduating members of the Tiempo Juntos的研究. (图片由Adriana psamurez提供)
Adriana Pérez (center) with graduating members of the Tiempo Juntos的研究. (图片由Adriana psamurez提供)

今年7月,美国政府宣布.S. 美国卫生与公众服务部推出了一种新模式,旨在减轻无薪看护人的压力. 被称为 Guiding an Improved Dementia Experience, the program intends to provide care coordination and management, 照顾者教育和支持, 以及临时服务. psamurez说,她希望GUIDE将重点放在不同的人群上,特别是拉丁裔社区,他们获得资源的机会最少.

"In order for us to address the inequities that exist in health care, the burden can't just be on Latino scientists or Latino health care providers,帕姆雷斯说. “这是每个人的责任."


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